Il problema della coscienza, non affrontata in modo scientifico per gran parte del XX secolo, è tornato prepotentemente alla ribalta grazie anche all’enorme sviluppo delle tecniche di indagine non invasive delle funzioni cerebrali. Sorprendentemente questi risultati non hanno portato a una maggiore comprensione della coscienza. Eppure la coscienza (fenomenica) è un fatto empirico: qualcosa che quotidianamente si presenta a ciascuno di noi. Com’è possibile che sia così elusiva e misteriosa? Per risolvere l’enigma è necessario superare la visione cartesiana secondo la (...) quale il mondo da due domini separati: la mente e le cose. Come si legge nella via del Samurai: non è bene quando una cosa diventa due. Per capire la coscienza è importante comprenderne la natura dell’essere in relazione con il mondo. Il cervello fa esperienza del mondo esterno. Com’è possibile? In questo articolo proponiamo una teoria basata, non su oggetti statici, ma su un processo fisico (denominato onfene) che può essere descritto sia da un punto di vista relazionale, che rappresentazionale, che oggettuale. Questo processo fisico non è confinato nei limiti fisici del cervello, ma si estende dagli oggetti di cui siamo consapevoli fino a terminare nelle attivazioni neurali. Secondo questo punto di vista la mente è pertanto “allargata” a comprendere tutto ciò di cui siamo coscienti. (shrink)

Minima moralia e un libro fondamentale per la ricostruzione del dibattito filosofico e culturale del Novecento. I suoi aforismi hanno alimentato appassionate discussioni nel mondo accademico, politico e sociale. Adorno li scrisse prevalentemente durante gli anni del suo esilio americano condensando in costellazioni concettuali i principali nuclei tematici del suo pensiero: la messa in discussione della razionalita moderna e occidentale, la critica del fascismo e della personalita autoritaria, lo smascheramento della cultura di massa e delle sue fascinazioni, la possibilita di (...) pensare filosoficamente e teologicamente l'utopia. Minima moralia parla con sorprendente freschezza alla teologia contemporanea e puo essere giustamente considerato un grande libro della tradizione cristiana. I "classici" infatti prospettano all'interno di una tradizione culturale o religiosa nuovi stili di riflessione e inediti orizzonti di ricerca, hanno inoltre il potere di avvicinare e convocare persone diverse per formazione, sensibilita e cultura. Nei singoli aforismi e all'opera un pensiero "in uscita" che non teme di riconoscere i propri limiti e non ha paura della propria incompletezza, un pensiero che rimanda costantemente ad "altro da se" scegliendo la via dell'abbassamento, mostrando la rilevanza degli scarti e dei frammenti. (shrink)

Ethics committees and palliative care consultants can function in a complementary fashion, seamlessly and effectively. Ethics committees can “air” and help resolves issues, and palliative care consultants can use a low-key, longitudinal approach.

One possible way of tracing the history of fantastic forms in Western culture is to link it to the adventure of bodies that encounter radical alterity, which may appear in the guise of something purely external, or as the externalized expression of an intimate experience that has become terrifying, unbearable, and schizoid.1The fantastic represents a privileged realm of imagination for contemplating a corporeal history of different forms of violence. It constitutes the exemplary locus of a negative reverie on the frightening (...) and fantasized alterities and otherworldliness of the flesh. That is true not only due to its imaginary realm of metamorphosis, transformation, and mutation, but... (shrink)

This article examines a collection of singular artifacts, originating in the 1960s and 1970s, which I call "cybertrance" devices. These devices are based on the reappropriation of instruments from the academic world in order to place users in modified states of consciousness, far from the ordinary mode of wakefulness. All of these inventions draw on the heritage of American cybernetics, and re-articulate the man-machine concept central to it: passing from neo-mechanistic theory to experimentations with coupling and prostheses, and from rational (...) analysis to countercultural mysticism.If these cybertrance devices literally dismantle the man-machine, using technology to disorder the senses, in no way do they seek to... (shrink)

SubStance is pleased to present, for the first time in English, the Prologue and Epilogue from Roger Caillois's Pierres réfléchies. Pierres réfléchies is the last, and least cited, of Caillois's singular writings on stones, which are being rediscovered and reread in the contemporary geologic-philosophical-aesthetic context. Here, Caillois provides a final articulation of his mystical materialism and diagonal science, his hermetic reading of a cosmos composed of hieroglyphic signs, in which "stone… speaks… the most convincing language in the universe." These ruminations (...) from Pierres réfléchies display a deeper methodological discernment, and more somber humor, than the earlier works. Perhaps this is... (shrink)

Hegel. La Odisea del Espíritu reúne la totalidad de las conferencias pronunciadas en el congreso homónimo que, coordinado por Félix Duque, se celebró en el Círculo de Bellas Artes y la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid entre el 28 de mayo y el 1 de junio de 2007 con motivo del segundo centenario de la publicación de "La Fenomenología del Espíritu". El congreso reunió a los mayores especialistas en la obra del pensador alemán y el resultado es una aportación de primer (...) orden a los estudios hegelianos, un libro de referencia imprescindible para quien quiera adentrarse en el magma de ideas y sugerencias de su libro capital. Incluye ensayos de Félix Duque, Volker Rühle, Walter Jaeschke, Jorge Pérez de Tudela, José María Ripalda, Eduardo Álvarez, Dietrich Von Engelhardt, Antonio Gómez Ramos, Klaus Vieweg, Ángel Gabilondo, Jacinto Rivera de Rosales, Paolo D'Angelo, Christoph Jamme, Vincenzo Vitiello y Klaus Düsing. Como el lector, hoy, podrá apreciar, los ensayos están hogaño ordenados como antaño se sucedieron las sesiones del Congreso, es decir: cada articulista interpreta y escribe para su coleto y el de sus lectores un capítulo o tema de la obra. Y así se va siguiendo con regular obediencia la sobresaltada vía de las experiencias de la conciencia, o sea: tal como la obra fue concebida entre -Hegel dixit- dolores del parto de un mundo nuevo que, de no haberse malogrado tan pronto, habría hecho de aquélla, efectivamente, palabra de ayer. Del "Preámbulo" de Félix Duque. (shrink)

Background: Despite the reported harms and ethical concerns about physical restraint use in the critical care settings, nurses’ intention to apply them is unequal across countries. According to the theory of planned behaviour, eliciting nurses’ beliefs regarding the use of physical restraints would provide additional social information about nurses’ intention to perform this practice. Aim: To explore the salient behavioural, normative and control beliefs underlying the intention of critical care nurses to use physical restraints from the theory of planned behaviour. (...) Research design: A belief elicitation study was conducted. Participants and research context: Twenty-six critical care nurses were purposively sampled across gender, work-shift patterns and professional experience in five intensive care units of three hospitals in Spain. Data were obtained from a nine-item open-ended questionnaire and a focus group. Deductive content analysis was performed. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval was obtained from the hospital ethics committee. Participants were assured their participation was voluntary. Findings: Nurses framed the use of restraints as a way of prioritising patients’ physical safety. They referred to contextual factors as the main reasons to justify their application. Nurses perceived that their decision is approved by other colleagues and the patients’ relatives. Some nurses started advocating against their use, but felt powerless to change this unsafe practice within an unfavourable climate. Control beliefs were linked to patients’ medical condition, availability of alternative solutions, analgo-sedation policies and work organisation. Discussion: Safety arguments based on the surrounding work environment were discussed. Conclusion: Nurses’ behavioural and control beliefs were related. Nurses should be trained in alternatives to physical restraint use. The impact of analgo-sedation protocols, relatives’ involvement, leadership support and intensive care unit restraint policies on physical restraint practices need to be revised. Further research is required to explore why nurses do not act with moral courage to change this harmful practice. (shrink)

Il volume offre una sintetica analisi dell’attualismo di Giovanni Gentile al fine di rilevare i dettagli fondamentali della sua posizione teoretica e di individuare gli elementi su cui si è strutturata la sua ricezione in Italia. La filosofia postattualista italiana è stata radicalmente influenzata dal filosofo siciliano e il suo sviluppo ha assunto le forme di un lungo dialogo con l’attualismo. Tra gli autori principali di questo dialogo figurano Ugo Spirito, Gustavo Bontadini e Andrea Emo in primis, oltre a Guido (...) Calogero, Federico Sciacca, Vincenzo La Via, Italo Mancini, senza dimenticare l’importante contributo di Emanuele Severino. Lo scopo principale della ricerca è stato dunque quello di evidenziare la qualità viva dell’attualismo, dimostrando come esso sia un autorevole sistema filosofico ancora efficace e consistente all’interno del pensiero contemporaneo, nelle sue modificazioni concettuali e nelle sue costanti irrisolte. (shrink)

The so‐called problem of irrelevant conjunction has been seen as a serious challenge for theories of confirmation. It involves the consequences of conjoining irrelevant statements to a hypothesis that is confirmed by some piece of evidence. Following Hawthorne and Fitelson, we reconstruct the problem with reference to Bayesian confirmation theory. Then we extend it to the case of conjoining irrelevant statements to a hypothesis that is dis confirmed by some piece of evidence. As a consequence, we obtain and formally present (...) a novel and more troublesome problem of irrelevant conjunction. We conclude by indicating a possible solution based on a measure‐sensitive approach and by critically discussing a major alternative way to address the problem. *Received December 2008; revised August 2009. †To contact the authors, please write to: Department of Philosophy, University of Turin, via Sant'Ottavio 20, 10124 Turin, Italy; e‐mail: vincenzo[email protected] ; [email protected] or [email protected]. (shrink)

Al nominalista non manca proprio nulla? La dispensabilità dell’insieme vuoto in mereologia - Quine’s commitment to nominalism has always required set theory to be replaced by an ontologically less dubious tool for the analysis of predication, one that is usually ABSTRACT Rivista di storia della filosofia, n. 1, 2009 mereological in nature, akin to the Calculus of Individuals he and Goodman developed in a seminal paper on nominalism. The problem Quine himself always acknowledged as central in any such replacement arises (...) with the mereological "translation" of numbers. I show here that Quine’s proposed translation strategy, even when successful, raises even more serious issues since it requires mereology to supply a substitute for the empty set. After proving the indispensability, given Quine’s translation, of such an entity, I demonstrate that an exact mereological replica of the empty set cannot be admitted without engendering contradictions. I conclude by discussing some paraphrases of the usual mereological axioms that prima facie might seem to be compatible with the null object and assessing their implausibility. (shrink)

Unos de los temas más queridos por Giovanni Piana fue el de la imaginación. Retomando los estudios de Husserl sobre este argumento, contenidos en el band XXIII de la Husserliana, Piana dio vida a una interpretación que trata intersecar la fenomenología con otros plantea-mientos como aquel psicoanalítico clásico y el de Bachelard. En este ensayo se busca eviden-ciar primero el método con el cual Piana trató de comprobar las características específicas de la estructura de la imaginación en comparación con otros (...) actos de experiencias como la per-cepción; por otra parte, una vez que se ha alcanzado determinar los actos de imaginación por el carácter específico de “como si” en el cual se enmarcan, estos se comparan con el recuerdo y finalmente se lleva a cabo un analisis especifico del material de la imaginación, con base siempre en la propuesta filosófica de Giovanni Piana. (shrink)

Across several texts, Epicurus memorably and accessibly summarizes his doctrines. This study systematically analyzes Epicurus’ acts of summary, thereby closing a long-standing scholarly lacuna. To this end, a review of existing research is followed by an analysis of the terminology used in antiquity to designate philosophical and scientific compendia. The Epicurean sources are then surveyed chronologically. In two further chapters, Epicurean compendia are discussed in the broader context of ancient philosophical summaries. Their patterns of genre are illuminated not only on (...) the basis of Epicurus’ own remarks but through related texts, in which authors explain the principles undergirding their own ‘poetics of abridgement’. The concluding chapter advances an updated summary of Epicurus’ fragmentary "On Nature", interpreting his compendia not merely as sources for reconstructing the main treatise, but as texts with literary value in their own right. This monograph therefore provides the first complete presentation of Epicurean philosophical compendia, arguing for an interpretation of the rhetoric of philosophical texts while also being informed by metaliterary details afforded by other ancient sources. (shrink)

Qu’elles soient d’Église ou d’État, les archives italiennes recèlent une documentation rapportant des cas de violences perpétrées par des clercs sur des pueri, c’est-à-dire des enfants ou des préadolescents. Bien que ce crime n’ait pas été inhérent au milieu clérical, de nombreux membres du clergé furent impliqués dans des affaires de crimes « odieux », délits « énormes » et agissements violents à l’époque moderne. Dans les procès, c’est la formation des enfants et des jeunes et leur proximit...

Unos de los temas más queridos por Giovanni Piana fue el de la imaginación. Retomando los estudios de Husserl sobre este argumento, contenidos en el band XXIII de la Husserliana, Piana dio vida a una interpretación que trata intersecar la fenomenología con otros plantea-mientos como aquel psicoanalítico clásico y el de Bachelard. En este ensayo se busca eviden-ciar primero el método con el cual Piana trató de comprobar las características específicas de la estructura de la imaginación en comparación con otros (...) actos de experiencias como la per-cepción; por otra parte, una vez que se ha alcanzado determinar los actos de imaginación por el carácter específico de “como si” en el cual se enmarcan, estos se comparan con el recuerdo y finalmente se lleva a cabo un analisis especifico del material de la imaginación, con base siempre en la propuesta filosófica de Giovanni Piana. (shrink)

This article aims to investigate the relationship between music and Mimmo Paladino s figurative work throughout his career. Starting as a painter of silence, an artist finding shelter in silence to paint, Paladino then engaged in an increasingly dense dialogue with the art of sounds. He is convinced that the creation of music stemming from tonal harmony is parallel to the creation of the work of art originated from formal harmony, and believes that the elements of his compositions can be (...) compared to counterpoints, notes, intervals, rhythms and musical harmonies. It is a long and complex path that led - and this is recent history - to the two collaborations with the non-musician Brian Eno, whose works this article will extensively dwell on. (shrink)

En este artículo propongo una aproximación al problema de la libertad en Karl Marx por medio de una lectura de “Los debates sobre la libertad de prensa y la publicación de los debates de la Dieta”, publicado en la Rheinische Zeitung en la primavera de 1842. En un primer momento, presentaré el contexto intelectual en el que se desarrolla este escrito señalando la herencia ilustrada del joven Marx. En un segundo momento, reconstruiré la posición de Marx frente a la libertad (...) de prensa. Finalmente, señalaré dos pliegues en el discurso de Marx que posibilitan una continuidad de la indagación sobre la libertad a lo largo de su obra. (shrink)

Questo articolo si sofferma su alcuni aspetti della relazione tra performance musicali e registrazioni sonore. Dopo una breve introduzione sul tema dell'improvvisazione in musica, cerco di integrare due dei contributi teorici più rilevanti della filosofia di Maurizio Ferraris – la ridefinizione dell’estetica intesa come “scienza della percezione sensibile” e la teoria della documentalità – per far luce su alcuni dei temi più discussi in filosofia della musica: l'ontologia della performance, la registrazione su supporti sia fisici che (apparentemente) immateriali, e infine (...) il ruolo cruciale giocato dalla tecnologia, e in particolare da Internet, nel rendere disponibile contemporaneamente a milioni di utenti sterminate quantità di musica archiviata in memorie dalla capienza praticamente infinita. (shrink)